Hebrew: מְלִיסָה רְפוּאִית, melissah refu’it
Family: Labiatae (Lamiaceae)
Scientific name: Melissa Tourn
The plant is an herbaceous perennial whose leaves contain essential oils and have various medicinal properties, like many other plants from the Labiatae family.
The Sages mention several plants grown for thier fragrance, such as se’ah, eizov, and koranit (generally rendered savory, hyssop, and thyme, respectively). While melissa is not mentioned, it is plausible that lemon balm is one of these herbs.
Kilei zera’im & kilei hakerem (interplanting – annuals & grapevines): Since the plant is a woody perennial, it is considered a tree. For this reason, it is permissible to plant it near annuals and grapevines.
Orlah (waiting three years for fruit): While classified as a tree, since its leaves are used and not its botanical fruit, orlah laws do not apply to the leaves.
Terumot and ma’aserot (offerings and tithes): Since the leaves are used only to impart flavor and are not eaten on their own, there is no obligation to separate terumot and ma’aserot. Nevertheless, some are stringent and separate terumot and ma’aserot without a blessing.
Infestation: Similar to many vegetables with edible leaves (leafy vegetables), it is heavily infested. If grown in a home garden, it is important to thoroughly wash and carefully inspect the leaves before consumption.
Blessing for fragrance: Borei atzei besamim (Creator of fragrant trees).
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